The main goal of the research is to analyze the data on meteorological conditions and yield of winter wheat for 2006-2021. The impact of meteorological factors on the formation of winter wheat yield is evaluated both in crop rotations and permanently. Based on the analysis of the data of many years monitoring the correlation is established between the amount of precipitation, average temperature and winter wheat yield.

The paper presents the results of the effect of herbicides used in sugar beet crop rotation on the biological and economic efficiency of the cultivated and subsequent crops. Recommendations to reduce the aftereffect of herbicides using agrotechnical and agrochemical methods are given.

The article presents the results of the research on the impact of various methods of basic tillage on the yield of spring barley under the conditions of the central zone of Belarus. It was established that the highest grain yield of spring barley (60.8 dt/ha) was obtained with plowing which followed zero tillage for the previous crop. Minimization of tillage reduced barley yield by 1.7–9.6% and that indicator decreased notably only when plowing was replaced by shallow tillage and direct sowing into uncultivated soil.

The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of agrotechnical methods and herbicides on weed infestation and yield of maize. It’s established that when cultivating maize using traditional tillage without herbicides application, the share of dicotyledonous weeds in weed cenosis is 47.6% and monocotyledonous ones – 52.4 %, including 37.7 % of couch grass. With this type of infestation the application of the herbicides MaisTer Power, OD (1.5 l/ha) and Adengo, SC (0.4 l/ha) provides the highest productivity of maize. Under the current conditions, the use of the herbicides MaisTer Power, OD (1.5 l/ha) and Adengo, SC (0.4 l/ha) against the background of semi-fallow tillage at the 3-leaf stage outperforms the use of Gardo Gold, SC (4.0 l/ha) against the background of the use of glyphosate-containing herbicide Volnik Super, WS (2.5 l/ha) in terms of green mass yield by 11.8–13.1 %, and grain by 10.7–11.2 %. 

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of herbicides on weed infestation and grain yield of lupine. It was established that on average for 2021– 2022 with the application of soil herbicides the biological efficiency was 82.7-90.1 % in terms of the number of weeds and 82.2–94.1 % in terms of the weight of weeds as early as 30 days after treatment and 74.5–92.0 % and 73.8–93.9 %, respectively as early as 60 days after treatment. The use of preparations in their pure form based on diflufenican + isoproturon (Grom SC (1.0 l/ha) and imazamox (Pulsar, WS (1.0 l/ha)) provided the yield increase of 5.5-7.4 dt/ha. When treating crops with tank mixtures, the combination of Grom – (0.5 l/ha) + Prometrex Flo, SC – (1.5 l/ha) and Grom, SC + Pulsar, WS turned to be the most effective: the yield increase was to 6.7– 7.4 dt/ha.

The paper states the results of the research on buckwheat varietal reaction to the intensive application of herbicides. It’s established that with double application of herbicides (pre-and post-emergence) diploid varieties provide the average grain yield of 2.5-4.2 dt/ha (15.7-22.8%) more than tetraploid ones. With intensive use of herbicides it’s more preferable to apply Graminicide Fusilade Forte to diploid buckwheat when pre-emergence application of the mixture Gesagard and Dialen Super (0.75+0.3 l/ha) takes place, and Butisan Star - to tetraploid buckwheat.

The article presents the results of the research on the dependence of the grain yield of chaffy oat and its quality indicators (protein, fat) on sowing dates and rates as well as the level of nitrogen nutrition. It’s established that in order to obtain the maximum yield, oats should be sown at the beginning of soil tilth at the rate of 4.0– 4.5 million/ha and with the application of N₉₀ before sowing or fractional application of N₆₀₊₃₀. Under the influence of the studied factors, the content of crude protein in oat grain varied within 12.3–13.5 %, and crude fat 4.92–5.46 %. A week negative correlation (r = -0.29) was established between the grain yield of chaffy oat and the content of crude protein in it, and a weak positive correlation (r = 0.41) – between the grain yield of chaffy oat and the content of crude fat. The correlation ratio of crude protein to crude fat was moderately negative (r=-0.54). 

The paper presents the analysis of changes in the heat supply of winter cereals during autumn vegetation period on the territory of Minsk region. It is shown that due to climate warming, the sum of active temperatures for the period from September 1 to falling of the average daily temperature below 5^оC increased by 83- 106 degrees, the autumn vegetation lasted for at least one decade, the beginning and end of winter wheat and triticale sowing in the region shifted to a later (4-8 days) period, and their duration remained within 13-15 days.

The paper presents the results of the studies on possible oat yield losses due to the violation of sowing and harvesting time. It’s established that with late sowing (10 and 20 days after the optimal period) and harvesting in time the yield is reduced by 16.5 dt/ha (24.2%) and 32.9 dt/ha (48.2 %) respectively. Oat harvesting within 5 days after grain ripeness doesn’t result in significant yield losses. With sowing this crop during the optimal period and late harvesting (10 and 20 days late) the losses amount to 3.9-5.8 dt/ha (5.7-9.3 %) and 11.5-13.8 dt/ha (16.8-22.3%) respectively. Violation of organizational and technological norms of oat sowing and harvesting reduce the grain yield by 3.9-42.7 dt/ha (5.7-62.5%).

The article presents the results of a three-year study of various seeding rates and sowing time of F₁ rye hybrids at two levels of cultivation technology intensification in relation to the soil and climatic conditions of the central zone of Belarus. A comprehensive assessment of the factors was carried out: seeding rate, sowing time, intensification of cultivation technology. Based on the obtained data and the results of other studies, the main elements of the cultivation technology for F₁ hybrids of winter rye have been developed for the maximum cost-effective productivity of the genetic potential under the conditions of the central zone of Belarus. It’s established that in order to obtain consistently high yields of F₁ hybrids of winter rye, hybrid varieties should be sown at the optimal time for the crop with a seeding rate of 2.5-3.0 mln grains/ha, using the following intensive technology: the application of N_80+30+30P₈₀K₉₀ (three doses of nitrogen: at the 22, 31 and 37 stages (Zadoks scale) and a triple application of retardants. 

The article discusses the features of the accumulation of dry matter by THE plants, the dynamics of the assimilation surface of leaves under various schemes for fertilizing of spring wheat varieties on sod-podzolic light loamy soil. The mutual influence of production processes, as well as their relationship with grain yield was established. The synthesis of dry matter increased with an increase of the assimilation surface of the leaves. That dependence was especially strong at the heading stage (R=0.67-0.74). The close correlation of dry biomass, LAI and PP with grain yield of spring wheat showed more the dependence of yield on increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers. On variants with the use of UAN tank mixtures with micronutrient fertilizers, complex liquid fertilizers and growth regulators, significant increases in grain yield were obtained with unchanged or decreasing indicators of the production process relative to the background.

The formation of winter wheat yield was studied depending on different variants of fungicidal plant protection under the conditions of the Central zone of Belarus. It’s established that the highest yield of winter wheat on average over the years of research was obtained in the variant for protection of the flag leaf with the fungicide Elatus REA, EC and protection of the ear with Magnello, EC - 89.1 dt/ha. The increase to the control variant was 12.7 dt/ha. This technology made it possible to form the maximum value of the number of grains per ear - 38.6 pcs. and 1000-grains weight - 38.2 g. 

The analysis of economic efficiency of spring triticale cultivation depending on the doses of foliar application and stages of the plant development as well as taking into consideration the obtained yield showed that the best variants were N₁₅ and N₂₀ applied at the “flag-leaf stage” (BBCH 39). The lowest cost price of 1 ton of grain was obtained, 244.4 and 250.2 rubles respectively. The variants N₁₅ and N₂₀ applied at the beginning of the milk stage (BBCH 73-77) have the highest indicator of cost price: 299.3 and 302.8 rub/ha. Economic return was 5.2 and 4.2 rubles for the variants N₁₅ and N₂₀ applied at the «flag – leaf» stage (BBCH 39) and only 0.8 and 05 rubles for N₁₅ and N₂₀ applied at the beginning of the milk stage (BBCH 73-77).

In the Research and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Arable Farming in 2021-2022, the productivity and other economically important traits of maize hybrids of domestic and joint breeding were studied in comparison with the widespread hybrid Krasnodar 194 under stressful weather conditions of cultivation. It is shown that under relatively unfavorable temperature conditions during the preemergence period of 19-21 days, the field germination of seeds can reduce to 26%, depending on the genotype of the hybrid, which is also significantly influenced by the laboratory germination of seeds and their infection with fungi, especially mucor. Under stressful environmental conditions including a prolonged drought during the second half of summer the hybrids Krasnodar 194, DB Lada and Poltava form a low productivity of both dry matter (131.6–146.7 dt/ha) and grain (47.2–55.9 dt/ha). The most productive hybrids in respect of dry matter yield are Daryan and DN Galatea, demonstrating 183.3 and 169.8 dt/ha, respectively, and in respect of grain yield - Daryan and Vivalen 1118 (76.0 and 68.6 dt/ha). 

The article presents the results of the studies on the efficiency of different rates and time of application of the growth regulator Fitovital, WSC when cultivating buckwheat. It was established that the highest grain yield was obtained when the growth regulator Fitovital, WSC (0.8 l/ha) was applied at the budding stage of buckwheat without mixing it with the herbicides Biceps Garant, EC + Agron, SC (0.75 + 0.22 l /ha). Fitovital, WSC application had the most significant effect on hull content, reducing that indicator by 1.2–3.4% or 4.6–13.0% relatively, depending on the rate and time of application. When Fitovital, WSC was applied without herbicides at the budding stage (0,6 l/ha) grain hull content was the lowest. As a rule, Fitovital, WSC did not have a positive effect on grain evenness, grain yield and protein content.

The article presents the results of the research on the distribution and phenotypic variability of lupine anthracnose pathogen population in Belarus. It’s established that anthracnose was identified in 19 regions of the republic. Under laboratory conditions, 35 strains of the pathogen were isolated. 4 morphological types of colonies were identified, the 3rd morphotype was predominant (59,9%) and was distributed in all regions of the republic. The specialization of legume anthracnose pathogen was studied. It was established that all types of lupine and vicia faba were reservoirs of anthracnose infection. Under the conditions of the phytotron the development of the disease on vicia faba was 10 % and it was absent on other legumes. 

The paper presents the results of the research on evaluating the efficiency of insecticides against dominant phytophages in faba beans agrocenosis. It was identified that spraying crops with insecticides from various chemical groups against weevils provided the reduction in their number to 87.5-91.8%, plant damage to 0.5-1.2%, which made it possible to reliably save 0.27-0.64 t/ ha due to the increase of the number of pods per plant by 2.1-2.6 pcs. and the 1000-grain weight by 7.9-9.7 g in comparison with the variant without treatment. Biological efficiency against bean aphid imago was 88.0-88.2%, which contributed to significant saving of 0.36-0.38 t/ha of grain due to the greater formation of pods on the plant and the 1000-grain weight. 

The paper presents the results of the research on forming the yield of grain and green mass of faba beans varieties. It’s identified that during the vegetation period the sum of average daily temperatures is 1606,9–1693,6 °C with the sum of precipitation of 200,8–253,8 mm for varieties cultivated for grain, hydrothermic coefficient varies within 1,2–1,6. The total pod set in varieties is 33,5–34,6 %, their preservation before harvesting is 76,7–78,3 %. At the stage of pod formation the varieties of the Russian breeding Streletsky and Yantarny had the maximum yield of green mass – 39,4–39,5 t/ha, which was 2,8–3,7 t/ha higher than other varieties under study. The grain yield of the control variety Fanfar was 4,13 t/ha, which was 0,05–1,74 % lower than that of the varieties Bobas, Typhoon and Krasny Bogatyr and 4,50–7,26 % significantly higher compared to the varieties Streletsky and Yantarny cultivated for green-cutting use. Under unfavorable weather conditions the varieties slightly reduced seed productivity – by 1,1–1,4 times, which is explained by their greater adaptability to changing environmental factors.

The article demonstrates the results of the research on the efficiency of the insecticides applied for protection of spring rape from pests. A high biological efficiency of the preparations Dexter, SC (2016), Stilet, OD and Avant, EC (2020) is established against rape beetle, cabbage weevil, brassicae pod midge and the most dangerous pest - cabbage moth worms, which enables to safeguard from 7.1 to 12.4 dt/ha (from 28.2% to 52.8) of spring rape oil seeds, depending on the year of the research.

Due to the research it’s established that the growth regulators affect significantly the state of plants as early as 20 days after treatment. The preparations Moddus and Caramba Turbo have the maximum retardant effect; depending on the genotype the plant height reduces by 8.9-15.1% and 12.5-23.8% respectively, growth point height – by 28.6-42.9 % and 23.1-42.9%, diameter of the root neck increases by 12.5-25.0% compared to the variant without growth regulators treatment. The preparation Prosaro provides the greatest increase in the yield of winter rape oilseeds for the hybrids F₁ Dnepr and Vectra (+6.5 and 4.7 dt/ha or 17.8 and 11.8% compared to the control variant); and the preparations Retacel and Prosoro – for the variety Leader (+6.4 and 5.1 dt/ha or 17.7 and 14.1%).

The paper demonstrates the results of the research on the impact of different sowing periods, nitrogen fertilizers doses and growth regulators (BBCH 14-16 and BBCH 31-33) on the yield of spring rape oil seeds. It’s established that with early sowing (in April) and 60 and 120 kg/ha of nitrogen application the oil seeds yield of this crop is 26.3 and 31.8 dt/ha, which is 8.3 dt/ha higher or 46.1 and 35.3% respectively in comparison with sowing in late May. It is shown that when cultivating spring rape for seeds, the use of growth regulators promotes greatly the increase of the yield (by 2.0-4.3 dt/ha or 7.6-21.1%). It’s identified, that early sown spring rape seeds are characterized by a high fat content (up to 46.1%) as well as by the maximum fat yield (15.7-16.3 dt/ha) and crude protein (8.3-9.3 dt/ha), on condition that nitrogen fertilizers form N₁₂₀ to N₁₂₀₊₆₀ are applied against the background P₆₀K₁₂₀ and growth regulators are used at the 4-6 leaf stage or booting stage. 

The paper presents the results of the studies on the impact of different sowing periods and nitrogen fertilizers doses on the yield of spring rape oil seeds with different intensity and plant height. It’s established that with early sowing and 60 and 120 kg/ha of nitrogen application the oil seeds yield of the variety Vikhr is 27.0 and 33.3 dt/ha and of the variety Yarovit - 26.3 and 31.8 dt/ha, which is 7.9 dt/ha and 8.9. dt/ha higher or 41.4 and 35.3% and 8.3 dt/ha or 46.1 or 35.3% respectively in comparison with late sowing. The application of nitrogen fertilizers (N₁₂₀₊₆₀) to spring rape was efficient only at early sowing. It is shown that sowing periods and doses of nitrogen fertilizers influenced more on the content and yield of fat and crude protein than spring rape varieties.

The article presents the results of studying the efficiency of the biological preparations AgroMik, L, Gordebuck, L and BactoFish, L applied to oil flax in different ways of treatment. The use of the preparations had a positive effect on the formation of plant biometrics: the increase in height up to 8.1 cm, total weight - up to 0.76 g, top weight of the root - up to 0.73 g. The improvement in plant biomass accumulation with the use of the biological preparations was determined; the preparation AgroMik applied to vegetative parts and globally had the highest efficiency. The average yield of oilseeds over two years of the research varied within 14.3-16.1 dt/ha, the oil content in seeds was 42.4-44.0%, the oil yield per hectare was 5.4-6.2 dt/ha. The maximum increases were obtained in the variants with the complex application of the preparation AgroMik, L., as well as with the treatment of vegetative plants. When analyzing the yield structure those variants turned out to be more effective: their positive effect on the number of seeds per boll (6.8 pcs.) and the 1000-grain weight (5.5 g) was identified, while those indicators in the control variant were 6.4 pcs. and 5.2 g, respectively. 

Due to the research of the Institute of Flax it’s established that the content of exchangeable calcium 620-650 and magnesium 140-150 mg/kg in sod-podzolic medium loamy soil should be considered the optimal saturation with carbonates of its absorbing complex for fiber flax, which comply with pHкс1 5,0-5,5 with possible obtaining the fiber yield of about 22 dt/ha, including the long one - 17 dt/ha, with profitability of flax cultivation, preparation and processing of trust of 65 %. When cultivating flax on soil with pHкс1 6,3-6,5, it’s established that the retted straw yield decreases by 41-46 %, fiber yield - by 50-59 %, long fiber yield - by 70-76 %; quality of retted stalks - by 6 points, long rolled and beaten fiber – by 4 points, and the profitability of fiber output – minus 52 %/

In 2020-2022, the nutritive value and productivity of alfalfa in single-species and mixed plantings were studied on sandy loam soil with an increased content of humus, phosphorus and potassium, on the basis of which it was concluded that the greatest productivity with good quality indicators of green mass was provided by alfalfa spring sowing at a rate of 6 million germinating seeds per 1 ha in a peabarley mixing (0.8 million/ha + 3.0 million/ha) or a single-species early spring sowing. Mixed sowings of alfalfa with awnless brome, meadow fescue or meadow timothy grass (6 million/ha of legume and cereal components), which showed a high yield of fodder protein units for the second and third years of the grass life could also take place. Festulolium and annual ryegrass as intensive and highly tillered cereals inhibit the growth of alfalfa plants and are not suitable for mixed sowing with the legume crop at the seeding rate of 6 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. Early ripening cock's-foot grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is also the least suitable crop for mixed cultivation due to different periods of maturity with alfalfa.

Under the conditions of the southern zone of Belarus with the sum of effective temperatures (above 10 °C) from May to September more than 1100 °C and precipitation close to the norm the FAO 270-280 hybrids grown for grain on highly fertile soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil provide the highest yield, which on average for 2021–2022 amounted to 119.2 dt/ha with a grain moisture content of 32.7%. That was 21 and 49% more in relation to the FAO 230–240 and 180–190 hybrids, respectively, the grain moisture content of which was 2.9 and 5.7% lower.

The paper presents the results of the studies on the formation of green mass yield by grass stands with Festulolium loliaceum over 2012-2014. It’s established that for the 1st year of the use the variants combining creeping clover varieties that are asynchronous in terms of growth and development are more advantageous in terms of yield, further this difference is leveled. Over the period of research the average green mass yield of binary festulolium grass stands with creeping clover (481.6-497.8 dt/ha) is not inferior to multicomponent grass stands with perennial ryegrass, meadow fescue, timothy grass, reed fescue, as well as the mixture of meadow fescue and reed fescue (437.3-509.5 dt/ha).

The article presents the results of the studies of productivity of awnless brome in single-species and binary plantings. It’s established that when using brome mixed with red clover of the second-forth year of life for hay a higher yield of green mass is formed in comparison with single-species sowings. In binary sowings on average over three years of the research, the yield of green mass was 455,6 dt/ha, in pure sowings of brome – 380,4 dt/ha. The results of the chemical analysis of forage show that harvesting of grass in time ensures obtaining high-quality biomass in compliance with zootechnical requirements in terms of the content of crude fibre, crude protein and metabolic energy. Mixtures of brome with red clover are the most productive.

Silfium green mass has a good quality in respect of metabolic energy and fodder units, a high concentration of sugar and carotene, and an average concentration of protein. According to the total chemical and nutritive composition indices silfium green mass is characterized as a valuable fodder crop. The protein nutritive value of green mass decreases in thickened silfium plantings at the flowering stage due to drying of lower leaves. The highest concentration of crude protein (12.9%) and carotene (77.8 mg/kg), the level of metabolic energy (11.7 MJ/kg per 1 kg of dry matter) and fodder units (1.11) is identified at the booting stage, sugar (15.5-15.2%) - at the budding and flowering stages. There is more crude protein in leaves (13.5- 18.0%) and inflorescences (anthodia 15.5%) than in stems (2.8-6.2%). More sugar is accumulated in stems (19.6-20.9%). 

The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and quality of green mass of Sudangrass at the panicle showing stage. It’s established that the application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N90Р60К100 provides the highest yield – 537 dt/ha on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. When nitrogen fertilizers are applied in a dose of N70, N90, the increase of green mass yield reaches 24-32 %. Due to the application of nitrogen fertilizers the content of crude protein in dry matter of green mass increases by 12%, soluble carbohydrates and fodder units – by 8% in comparison with phosphate-potassium variants. With NPK application the content of digestible protein in fodder unit reaches 100-102 g.

The information support and documentation systems for genetic resources for food and agriculture are an integral component of managing genetic collections. They play a crucial role in ensuring food security of the countries and sustainable development of agriculture for the current and future generations as a means for an exchange and supply of germplasm to users. The development and use of documentation systems contributes to the identification and inventory of stored accessions, facilitates a search for breeding material according to the requested traits, which promotes the development of targeted breeding of crops. Taking into consideration the importance of information support for plant genetic resource collections, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Armenia took significant measures to improve their documentation systems in order to increase the accessibility of germplasm and expand the use of collections accessions.

The paper demonstrates the results of the evaluation of index method suitability for identifying the varieties of winter triticale collection from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine with high indicators of economically important traits. It’s established that 18 collection varieties (Impulse, Antos, Atlet 17, Blago (BLR), Ataman Platov, Tikhon, Gera, Dictrine 110, Khleborob, Gektor, Krokha, Tikho 15 (RUS), Nikanor, Atlet, Bigodarske (UKR), Kasyno, Avokado, Trapero (POL)) are attractive as the initial material in terms of a set of traits for creating new varieties under the conditions of the Republic of Belarus.

The paper deals with the results of the evaluation of collection samples of spring triticale of different ecological and geographical origin in terms of the stability level and environmental resistance of the indicators of yield and its structural elements. The best variety samples were identified with high indicators of stress resistance, compensator ability, environmental stability and adaptive index.

The article presents the results of the research on evaluation of new varieties of oats in competitive variety testing in terms of yield, adaptability, stability and ecological plasticity. The identified oats varieties BYAS20/32, BYAS20/59, BYAS20/60 have the best combination of these indicators and are recommended to be transferred to the state variety testing.

In the Research and Practical Center of the NAS for Arable Farming in 2021- 2022, 18 lines of own selection were studied, 13 of which were identified in respect of such economically valuable traits as high field germination of seeds, rapid starting growth, early flowering of cobs, synchronous flowering of the first and second cobs, plant height, seed yield, dry matter content in grain. Correlations and inheritance of a number of economically valuable traits in hybrids are identified. It’s established that their transmission in line crossings with 9 simple hybrids is most likely observed in the early ripening, high and yielding line LZh 42. The trait "multi cobs" is most likely to fix in hybrids, for example, in crossings with lines LZh 48 (the paternal form of the hybrid Daryan) and LZh 74 in 100% of cases. 

The paper demonstrates the results of the studies on the trait “pod indehiscence” of narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) breeding material as well as the results of the development of the methodology for marker-assisted selection of narrow-leaved lupin with regard to this trait.
An analysis of the DNA typing results shows that all the collection accessions have the identified cultural alleles of the “pod indehiscence” gene lentus. Polymorphism is identified in the gene tardus of the studied collection: about 20% of the accessions have the wild allele, which determines an undesirable trait - spontaneous pod dehiscence during maturation. Genotyping of the obtained breeding samples of narrow-leaved lupine for the gene tardus using the TaLi marker shows that the vast majority of them (over 85%) have the cultural pod indehiscence allele TaLid of 511 bps, 15% of the samples are prone to dehiscence. To exclude undesirable alleles in the breeding process, it’s required to conduct a thorough analysis and monitor this trait applying the methods of molecular genetic analysis. The use of marker analysis combined with phenotypic evaluation of the experimental material of narrow-leaved lupine results in identifying the samples that are attractive for breeding. 

The paper describes the importance of white lupine as a food crop and the history of breeding of fodder and food varieties; the world progress made in this field is stated. To increase adaptability of white lupine it is recommended to use close wild subspecies of the tribe in hybridization: Greek lupine, Vavilov's lupine. The paper presents the results of our own breeding of food varieties of white corymbose lupine - Ellin and pseudo-wild - Gwin. A number of innovative samples of the spiciferous morphophysiological type are created and tested. Directions for further improvement of spiciferous plants of white lupine are discussed. It is supposed that sweet lupine varieties of the white spiciferous morphophysiological type will use effectively the soil and climatic factors of the favorable vegetation period for growth and development, while ripening in the second half of August, thereby ensuring regularly high yields (over 5 t/ha) of high-quality seeds for food.

The paper presents the results of the research on the samples of narrow-leaved lupine with reduced branching. The main indices of productivity, seed quality are described as well as morphological traits.
The basic characteristics of the new narrow-leaved lupine variety Yaryk with reduced branching are presented. The potential yield of the variety is 65.8 dt/ha, the content of protein in grain is 33.0-35.0%, the content of alkaloids – 0.023-0.034%. In the state variety testing, the maximum seed yield - 42.6 dt/ha was obtained in 2019 at the Goretskaya variety testing station, on average the seed yield of the Yaryk variety was 27.0 dt/ha at all variety testing stations for three years.
The distinctive feature of the new variety is the duration of its vegetation period: it is more late-ripening than the check variety. On average, over the years of the study, the vegetation period was 89-109 days, which was 14 days later than the check variety from the group of reduced lupine varieties Talant and 2 days shorter than the check variety from the group of varieties Mirtan with ordinary branching. 

The possibility to use different types of explants of 4-6 day sterile pea germs is studied. It’s established that various types of explants differ in callusogenic as well as morphogenic ability. When cultivating various species of pea explants in in vitro culture for initiation of callusogenesis, this process proceeds very intensively for all types of explants and for all varieties of both green and field pea. The process of callusogenesis is the most intensive in such type of explant as the apical part of the stem (85.1-98.3%). Morphogenic activity in all types of explants is significantly lower than callusogenic one (4.9-86.5%), and the regularity of reducing morphogenic activity from shoot tips to cotyledons is preserved in all varieties, regardless of their morphotype. The explants obtained from the tips of 4-6 day pea seedlings are the most suitable for biotechnological work. Among the studied samples the Millennium variety which has the highest regeneration coefficient of shoot tips (186.5%) is the most suitable for biotechnological manipulations.

The paper shows the results of the research for 2019-2021, the samples of winter and spring rape were identified; trait collections of short-stemmed forms and medium-stemmed forms that are resistant to lodging were created. A medium negative correlation between resistance to lodging and the plant height of spring rape was established: for short-stemmed samples (r=–0.61) and medium-stemmed samples (r=–0.65) as well as with short-stemmed samples of winter rape (r=–0.68). A medium correlation (r=0.44 and r=0.37) was identified between the plant height and diameter of the root neck of winter and spring rape; winter rape samples had a medium negative correlation (r=–0.58) between the plant height and resistance to lodging, spring rape samples had a strong negative correlation (r=–0,75). A strong positive correlation was established between the plant height and the duration of the vegetative period of spring rape (r=0.79); winter rape samples had a medium correlation (r=0.47). 

The paper presents the results of the experimental research on the evaluation of combining ability of parental lines and F₁ hybrids of winter and spring rape. The common (CCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability is determined; the most valuable genotypes with high indicators of CCA in terms of the plant height and seed productivity are identified. It’s established that 3 lines of winter rape A-6, ON-3, T-4, K-5 and 5 lines of spring rape: C62-67, 87-13, V-10, M-5, 111-4 are distinguished by reliable positive assessments of CCA effects in terms of seed productivity. The lines of winter rape T-4, K-5 and 315-17 and lines of spring rape TZ-7, TT-8, NS-3, I-18 are characterized by negative values of CCA in terms of the height of the plant and branching as well as the lines ТТ-8, NS-3, С62-67, I-18 and 111-4 (height of branching) which are recommended to use in breeding for lodging resistance.

The paper demonstrates the results of the research on the collection samples of winter and spring rape that differ in resistance to lodging and elements of the yield structure. Due to the research a strong positive correlation (r=0.82) between the number of pods per plant and seed productivity is established as well as a medium correlation between the number of seeds per pod and the 1000-grain weight of spring rape samples (r=0.36) and seed productivity (r=0.40). It’s identified that the trait “1000-grain weight” has moderately positive correlation with seed productivity of winter and spring rape (r=0.35 and r=0.47), a week negative correlation with the plant height of spring rape (r=–0.26) and a medium positive one – with the plant height of winter rape (r=0.30). 

The paper presents the results of the research on the collection samples of winter and spring rape in terms of basic elements of plant architectonics for breeding for resistance to lodging. The lowest value of the trait "branching height" was identified in the samples of winter rape No. 312A-1, No. 65GB, No. 2/1m and spring rape No. 14A-2 cm, No. C62/67, No. 20A-2, No. 10A-2, No. 15A- 2. The samples of winter rape No. 159/09, Onyx, No. 12A-1, Aichynny, Imperial and spring rape No. 14A-2, Duet, Cir108, Carnelis were identified on the basis of the trait "diameter of the root neck". A negative correlation between the height of branching and resistance to lodging was established in winter rape (r=-0.44) and spring rape (r=-0.67). A strong positive correlation was identified in spring rape between branching height and plant height (r=0.82) as well as a medium positive correlation in winter rape (r=0.33); a moderately positive correlation between the diameter of the root neck and plant height was established in winter (r =0.44) and spring (r=0.37) rape.

The paper presents the results of the studies of millet variety samples of different ecological and geographical origin for their further use in breeding under the conditions of Belarus. As a result of the conducted research 70 sources of economically important traits (grain productivity, early ripeness, short stem, resistance to lodging, 1000-grain weight, length and productivity of panicle, resistance to loose smut) were identified.

Hybrid ryegrass (Lolium х hybridum Hausskn.) was evaluated in terms of the main economically important traits in order to include the identified biotypes in the breeding process for creation of new varieties.