The paper presents the results of the research on barley yield in grain crop rotation depending on the ways of using the post harvest crop and preceding crop straw under different fertilizer systems. It’s established that the use of post harvest mustard for green fodder compared to crop rotation without post harvest crops, on average for 2021–2023, promoted the increase of barley yield in the winter rye + mustard-barley link from 37.1 to 40.1 c/ha (8.0%) in comparison with crop rotation without post harvest crops. If the post harvest crop was cultivated as green manure, the yield increased to 42.1 c/ha (13.5%). In a mineral fertilizer system using winter rye straw as fertilizer without a compensating dose of mineral nitrogen brought about the decrease in barley yield to 34.9 c/ha (-5.9% compared to the option without incorporation). However, if straw was used together with post harvest mustard for green manure, barley yield increased by 8.9% and amounted to 38.0 c/ha. The change in barley yield occurred mainly due to the increase in the number of productive stems, better grain content and higher 1000-grain weight.

   The paper presents the results of the research on the efficiency of protecting plantings from weeds in the grain-row crop rotation maize-barley-rape. It’s established that when cultivating crops of this link of grain-row crop rotation, the lowest pesticide load on the environment (2.52–2.62 kg/ha of active ingredient), the highest net income (2321.61–2380.4 rubles/ha) and profitability (38.7–43.1%) are obtained when growing maize after semi-fallow soil cultivation and stubble oilseed radish with the application of the herbicides MaisTer Power, OD (1.5 l/ha) or Adengo, SC (0.4 l/ha) and the herbicide Pronit, EC (3.0 l/ha) to rape.

   The article demonstrates the results of the research on the impact of agricultural techniques and herbicides, used in grain-row crop rotation, on weed infestation, oilseed yield and economic efficiency of rape cultivation. It’s established that rape provides the highest net income (680.88–712.96 rubles/ha) and profitability (38.3–40.1 %) with the application of the herbicide Pronit, EC (3.0 l/ha) against the background of preceding use of the herbicides MaisTer Power, OD (1.5 l/ha) or Adengo, SC (0.4 l/ha) in maize cultivated after semi-fallow soil treatment and stubble oilseed radish.

   The article presents the results of the studies on the efficiency of the herbicide Pilot Plus, SC (metamitron, 480 g/l; lenacyl, 120 g/l) mixed with traditional herbicides against rape fallen seeds in sugar beet plantings. It’s established that the use of the herbicide Pilot Plus, SС (1.25-1.75 l/ha) in a mixture with Biceps Garant, EС is an effective method for controlling this weed, reducing its number by 96.4-98.3 %, and its weight by 97.9-99.2 %. On average, over 3 years, the use of the herbicide has ensured the root tuber yield of 55.3-56.8 t/ha, which is 7.2-8.7 t/ha higher than in the standard with Pilot, WSC.

   The paper presents the results of three-year studies on the efficiency of the herbicide Conviso 1, OD (foramsulfuron, 50 g/l; thiencarbazone-methyl, 30 g/l) mixed with traditional herbicides against Clearfield rape fallen seeds in sugar beet. It’s established that double application of Conviso 1, OD mixed with the herbicides Pilot Plus (0.7 l/ha + 1.5 l/ha) and Lenacil BetaMax, WP (0.7 l/ha + 0.5 kg/ha) is an effective method for controlling this weed, reducing its numbers by 75.4-86.1 % and its weight by 90.0-93.8 %. On average, over 3 years, the use of the herbicides has ensured the root tuber yield of 54.3-55.3 t/ha, which is 7.7-8.7 t/ha higher than with using Conviso 1, OD in its pure form.

   The paper presents the results of studying biological and economic efficiency of a soil-acting herbicide based on the combination of active ingredients isoproturon, 500 g/l and diflufenican, 100 g/l in the form of suspension concentrate Morion, SC on pea of the Present variety. It was established that the most common weeds in pea in 2023 were field violet and hemp nettle, and in 2024 white goosefoot dominated. The biological efficiency of the studied preparation 30 days after application in relation to the option without herbicide application was 53.3-59.4 % in terms of weed number and 59.3-64.8 % in terms of their weight under moisture deficiency conditions in 2023, and 88.8-93.1 % and 97.3-97.9 %, respectively, in 2024 under normal moisture conditions.

   The paper presents the results of the studies for 2023–2024 on the application of the herbicide Global, WS (active ingredient imazamox, 40 g/l) to alfalfa open sowing at the first-second triple leaf stage. It’s established that, when it is applied in a dose of 0.75–1.2 l/ha in its pure form and together with SAA (Kornet, 0.2 l/ha), it is not inferior to the reference preparation Pulsar, WS (1.0 l/ha) in terms of biological efficiency and reduces the number of annual dicotyledonous weeds by 58.8–78.6 %, their weight - by 52.7–74.4 %; infestation with cereal weeds is reduced by 100 %. A decrease in weed infestation of alfalfa increases green mass yield by 9.8–21.7% and dry matter by 9.3–19.4 % on average over two years.

   The paper presents the results of the research on the efficiency of applying the herbicide Versia, OD (propisochlor, 370 g/l + terbuthylazine, 185 g/l) for protecting maize from annual weeds. It’s established that with pre-emergence application of this preparation or at the 2-3 leaf stage, the death of weeds and green mass yield are approximately at the same level as with the application of the herbicide Gardo Gold, OD.

   The paper presents the results of studying the efficiency of using protective and stimulating compositions based on microfertilizers and the Maxim XL protectant in the cultivation technology of narrow-leaved lupine. The introduction of the Nanoplant Co, Mn, Cu, Fe microfertilizer into the Maxim XL, SC protectant increased the grain yield by 13.0 % (3.3 c/ha) on average over three years. The use of the Nanoplant Mn microfertilizer in the protective composition increased the yield by 16.2 % or 4.1 c/ha over the years of the research. The efficiency of the Nanoplant Cu fertilizer over the years of the research was less significant: the yield increase was 10.7 % (2.7 c/ha) on average over three years. The use of the Nanoplant Co increased the yield by 12.3 % or 3.1 c/ha.

   The paper presents the results of the research on establishing biological and economic efficiency of the morphoregulators Setar, SC; Caramba turbo, WC; Architekt, SE; Buckler, MEC; Tilmor, EC; Kolosal, EC and Reggy, WC in winter rape cultivation. It’s established that crops treatment at the stem formation stage with growth regulators reduces the plant height by 6–14 cm (5.6–13 %), the branching height by 15.8–20.6 cm (32.6–42.6 %) and contributes to the increase of the root collar diameter by 20.9–30.2 %, which has a positive effect on the elements of the yield structure and ensures the increase of winter rape yield by 4.5–6.0 c/ha or 12.0–16.0 % compared to the option without the use of morphoregulators.

   The paper demonstrates the results of the research on the influence of different sowing dates, doses of nitrogen fertilizers and growth regulators on the basic elements of the yield structure of spring rape (the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod and the 1000-grain weight). It’s established that spring rape forms the greatest number of pods per plant (154.7–169.3 pcs.), the number of seeds per pod (18.5–20.7 pcs.) and the 1000-grain weight (4.00–4.27 g) at the first (early) sowing date and with the application of the growth regulator Caramba Turbo (0.7 l/ha) at the stem formation stage, depending on the level of nitrogen nutrition.

   The article presents the data of the research on biological and economic efficiency of the fungicide Oscar, EC applied to winter rape against Alternaria blight. It’s established that the degree of damage to winter rape caused by alternaria blight depends on moisture supply during the vegetation period from 1.2 to 23.4 % for the years with the precipitation up to 17.9–42.4 % and with sufficient and excessive moisture. The fungicide Oscar, EC promotes the reduction of alternaria blight development on pods by 81.5–90.7 % and saves oil yield by 14.0–20.0 % on average.

   It was identified that the dominant pests in winter cress were cabbage stem weevil, rape blossom beetle and seed weevil. Depending on weather conditions, with increasing the number of cabbage stem weevil by 1 imago/m², the loss of the crop seed yield was 0.21–0.35 c/ha; with increasing the number of rape blossom beetle by 1 imago/plant – 0.49–0.60 c/ha and seed weevil by 1 imago/m² – 0.41–0.59 c/ha. Taking into account the planned yield level when using insecticides from various chemical groups, the economic injury level of cabbage stem weevil was 6.8–10.1 imagoes/m², of rape blossom beetle – 2.5–5.9 imagoes/plant and of seed weevil 2.0–5.2 imagoes/m².

   In field experiments, the effect of biological preparations on the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in flax plants was studied. At the "herringbone" stage, no stimulating effect on the content of total chlorophyll (Chl (a+b)) in leaves was noted, but a significant increase in carotenoids was observed compared to the standard. During the "budding - flowering" period, the total chlorophyll content in leaves was 0.770-1.201 mg / g, in stems - 0.228-0.400 mg / g of crude mass. At the "green ripeness" phase, the total chlorophyll content Chl (a+b) in leaves was 0.784-1.554 mg / g, in stems - 0.208-0.388 mg / g, in capsules - 0.108-0.277 mg / g of crude mass; carotenoids in leaves - 0.370-0.595 mg/g, in stems - 0.095-0.165 mg/g, 0.055-0.097 mg/g of crude mass. As a result of the studies, the options were identified with the complex use of the preparation Agromik, L, as well as with the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with the preparation Gordebak, L, the use of which contributed to the maximum accumulation of photosynthetic pigments by oil flax and the formation of a higher yield.

   The paper presents the results of the research on the assessment of productivity of three-component grass stands with awnless brome on drained soddy gley soil. It’s established that when using awless brome with alfalfa and additional cereal components (meadow fescue, tall fescue, festulolium) in grass stands for hay making, on average, over the first three years of use, the yield of green mass is formed at the level of 564.5–581.6 c/ha, the yield of dry matter – at the level of 110.9–115.0 c/ha. The results of the chemical analysis of forage show that timely harvesting of grass stands (the beginning of cereal species heading and legume species budding) guarantees obtaining high-quality above-ground biomass that meets zootechnical requirements in terms of crude fiber, crude protein and exchange energy content.

   The article presents the results of the studies on the formation of green mass yield of single-species, binary and multi-component cereal and legume-cereal grass stands on various backgrounds of nitrogen nutrition, as well as the uniformity of green mass supply over the years of use for 2015-2018. The least productive were cereal grass stands, forming from 132.6–147.5 c/ha without application of mineral nitrogen to 332.2–357.5 c/ha of green mass against the background of N180 (60 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen for each mowing). The highest yield was observed in the option of a multi-component grass mixture with alfalfa and red clover, which formed on average over the period of research from 410.1 c/ha against the background of N0 to 584.4 c/ha of green mass against the background of N180.

   The article presents the results of the studies to establish the influence of techniques (flattening of stems) of legume grasses with special devices and mowing methods (in a spreading and roll) on the rate of moisture loss of green mass to accelerate drying to the minimum required level.

   The paper presents the results of formation, conservation and use of plant genetic resources of the National Bank of Seeds of the Research and Practical Center of the NAS for Arable Farming. The collection of plant genetic resources created for 2000-2024 is the most important reserve of valuable sources of the breeding material. As a result of field and laboratory studies of the collection material for many years, donors and sources of valuable traits and properties of plants are identified, which are actively used in breeding. Base, active, working and field seed collections are formed as well as targeted trait and core collections of the most economically important crops. The National Bank of Seeds of Genetic Resources of Economically Important Plants functions successfully. The National Bank is included in the State Register of the scientific objects of the National Heritage of the Republic of Belarus. For 2000-2024 using the gene pool of plant resources more than 480 varieties of cereals, legumes, oil crops, industrial crops and fodder crops were created in the Research and Practical Center of the NAS for Arable Farming; 56 varieties are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation.

   The paper demonstrates the results of formation, conservation and study of the collections of leguminous plants. The collection of leguminous plants in the National Bank of Seeds of Genetic Resources of Economically Important Plants at the Research and Practical Center of the NAS for Arable Farming consists of 3,520 accessions from 46 countries of the world. The active collection of leguminous plants includes 2,061 accessions and the base collection – 1,288 accessions. The identified sources of economically important properties for a number of traits of peas, lupine and soybeans are described. The results are presented of creating the trait collection of leguminous plants and their use in breeding in order to obtain modern highly productive varieties, as well as the results of creating and recognizing the varieties.

   The article outlines the main practical results of the creation of new highly adaptive, competitive varieties and hybrids F₁ of winter rye in recent years. The characteristics of new varieties and the F₁ hybrid are presented. Unresolved problems and further main directions in the selection of rye are formulated: increasing resistance to lodging, to drought, to pre-harvest germination of grain in the ear, improving the quality of rye grain for targeted use.

   The article presents the results of the evaluation of a new source material (breeding samples) of maize on heat resistance. The initial screening of heat tolerance of 118 breeding samples was carried out in the laboratory, and breeding samples (70 numbers) with high potential heat tolerance were identified. In the field heat resistance of the breeding material was assessed by direct and indirect traits, the source material was classified according to field germination after heat treatment of seeds - 25 samples with high field germination (90-100 %) were identified. The breeding samples were classified on viability of pollen after exposure to suboptimal (40-41 °C) temperatures; 21 samples with pollen setting rate of more than 80 % were identified. Two selection cycles were carried out; 27 breeding samples with obvious traits of heat resistance were identified for further breeding work.

   The paper presents the results of studying laboratory methods for evaluating oats breeding material on drought resistance. A new methodology is presented based on differentiating samples on the relative length of the first leaf when germinated on an inclined plane in filter paper. It is established that the methods for laboratory evaluation of oats breeding material on drought resistance in drying rolls, rolls placed in a 3.8 % sucrose solution and the proposed method of seed germination on an inclined plane are representative. The highest drought resistance was demonstrated by the samples BYAS-20/17, BYAS-18/16 and the Scorpion variety. The sample BYAS-20/51 was sensitive to stress conditions.

   As a result of studying the varieties of the winter triticale collection, sources of high grain yield and short stems were identified for targeted use in breeding programs. The influence of meteorological conditions on grain yield and plant height at different stages of triticale development was established, the variation ranges of the studied traits were determined. The optimal plant height was identified in relation to obtaining high yields of the studied varieties of winter triticale.

   The paper presents the results of the research conducted in 2022–2024 in the Research and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Arable Farming to study new variety samples of winter soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Central Zone of the Republic of Belarus. Winter wheat variety samples numbered 3042 (122/4-18); 1267 (205/5-19); 1250 (147/16-19) were identified, exceeding the average control variety by 7.3; 10.5; 12.6 c/ha, respectively. The content of crude protein and crude gluten in grain met the requirements of GOST 9353-90 imposed on winter wheat grain used for food.

   The paper presents the results of the research on the fractional composition of winter triticale seeds, taking into account the sowing time and varietal characteristics in the central part of Belarus. It was established that, on average for 2019–2021, the 1000-grain weight of winter triticale varieties changed from 15.4 g to 59.0 g depending on the fraction. The maximum share of seeds (45.5 %) was localized on the sieves with the hole diameter of 3.0-3.2 mm. The increase of germination energy from 72.7 % (fractions <2.0 mm) to 82.4 % (fraction 3.0 mm) and the reduction of that indicator (to 72.4%) with further increase of seed size were observed. The fraction isolated on the sieves with the hole diameter of 2.8-3.0 mm had the highest seed germination (93.4 %).

   The paper presents the results of breeding of narrow-leaved, yellow and white lupine for alkaloid content in grain. It is shown that, when creating lupine varieties, one of the important monitored indicators is low alkaloid content. Due to the research it was established that the sum of 3 alkaloids (lupanine, sparteine, lupinine) fluctuated from 0.016 to 0.055 % with an average value of 0.027 % in the grain of breeding and collection samples of lupine species, including narrow-leaved lupine samples from 0.016 to 0.037 %, white - from 0.03 to 0.055 %, yellow - from 0.045 to 0.05 %. Improvement of traditional breeding methods for selecting lupine on low alkaloid content by using the marker analysis of genes, controlling the manifestation of the “seed alkaloid content” trait, made it possible to identify promising samples of narrow-leaved lupine.

   The paper presents the three-year results of the study of competitive variety testing of meadow clover in regard to economically important traits, high productivity of dry matter and seeds. A promising variety sample of meadow clover was identified, which formed green mass yield of 989 c/ha and dry matter yield of 161.6 c/ha, on average over three years. It exceeded the standard Pratsaunik variety in terms of green mass yield by 100 c/ha (11,0 %), dry matter - by 20.7 c/ha (14.9 %). The new variety sample of meadow clover Yatvyag has high seed productivity. The average seed yield for the three years of testing was 3.16 c/ha, 1.93 c/ha relatively to the Pratsaunik standard, or 1.23 c/ha (63.7 %) higher. The variety sample underwent official variety testing and was recognized on the territory of the Republic of Belarus in 2023.

   To select variety samples of fescue morphotype festulolium resistant to fusarium and helminthosporium infection, the breeding material was evaluated against artificial infectious backgrounds. When evaluating economically important traits, such as the yield of green and dry mass, seed productivity, promising variety samples of festulolium with resistance to fusarium and helminthosporum were selected. Fertile intergeneric hybrids of Festulolium are genetic sources of economically important traits for breeding varieties with a high level of forage and seed productivity and increased resistance to root rot.

   The paper demonstrates the results of ecological trials of promising buckwheat varieties of different ploidy. The level of their plasticity and stability, stress resistance and genetic flexibility, variability and homeostasis is presented. The best diploid genotype Menka and tetraploid Omega are identified for including in the programs to increase productivity and adaptive capacity of breeding varieties.

   The paper presents the results of the experimental studies on the assessment of heterosis effect in F₁ hybrids of spring rape and transgressive variation in F₂. It’s established that for increasing the efficiency of breeding when making a scheme of diallelic crosses, it is necessary to select parental pairs without negative traits and with the largest number of positive ones in the maternal form.

   The article presents the results of studying spring rape variety samples for the trait plant "resistance to lodging" against provocative backgrounds. A correlation of varying strength between lodging resistance and the main economically important traits of spring rape is established for all the studied experimental variants. The following traits correlate on average with lodging resistance at a seeding rate of 1.5 million pcs./ha and nitrogen doses of N₁₂₀ and N₁₂₀₊₆₀: 1000-grain weight (r = 0.60 and r = 0.55), number of seeds per pod (r = 0.41 and r = 0.50), number of pods per plant (r = 0.35 and r = 0.38), respectively. The influence of the "genotype", "nitrogen dose" and "seeding rate" factors on the yield of oilseeds and the "lodging resistance" indicator of spring rape is identified. The yield of spring rape oilseeds is mostly influenced by the following factors: "genotype" (C) (28.5 and 42.5 %), "nitrogen dose" (B) (14.4 and 28.1 %) and "seeding rate" (A) (12.5–9.5 %). The share of the interaction of the factors "seeding rate" (A) + "genotype" (C) in favorable 2022 was 18.5 %, and in dry 2023 - 1.4 %.

   The paper presents the results of studying 22 accessions of fibre flax. The influence of the year conditions on the formation of yield indicators of retted straw and fibers, as well as fiber quality is established. The sources for practical breeding purposes are identified: l. Saldo × Mogilyovsky (BIL1081), l. Saldo × Mogilyovsky (BIL1083) (retted straw yield); Rubezh, l. Saldo × Mogilyovsky (BIL1083) and Avian, l. Saldo × Mogilyovsky (BIL1083) (yields of total and long fiber respectively); Avian, Lisette, Aley, Dneprovsky, Mogilyovsky, G-1407-7-28, Rubezh and G-1407-7-28, Lisette, Avian (the content of total and long fiber respectively). When involving long frayed fiber in recombination to improve the quality, it is advisable to use the accessions Mogilyovsky, Port 5, Rubezh, l. Saldo × Mogilyovsky (BIL1081) and l. Saldo × Mogilyovsky (BIL1083) with the average numbers 11 and 12 respectively.